Chapter 16

•  led to greater social equality and liberation from foreign rule
• Enlarged voting rights by 1914 major states of Western Europe, the United States and Argentina had universal male suffering

• The abolishment of slavery ended around the world between 1780 and 1890

• Enlightenment thinkers were increasingly critical of slavery

• American and French Revolution focused attention on slavery and the lack of liberty and equality 

• Growing belief that slavery wasn't necessary for economic progress

• Most Latin American countries abolished slavery by 1850's

• Revolutionary movements gave new prominence to more recent kind of human community - The nation 
• Most important loyalties were clan, villages or region

• A feminist movement developed in the 19th century especially in Europe and North America

• Europe enlightenment thinkers sometimes challenged the idea that woman were innately inferior 
• Feminist spread beyond Europe and the United States but less widely that other nationalism 

Chapter 15 Modern Science

Europe had many university that welcomed science. Scientific dissectionstyught people the specifics of the human body including the circulation of blood. The practice of science challenged ancient social hierarchies and political system science also justified the gender and racial inequalities that happened towards woman, enslaved people and others. Woman were excluded from universities I'm europe but in Germany the woman their were treated differently there was woman who contributed to astronomical work. Maria Winkelmen a woman who discovered an unknown comet, however her husband was accredited for the finding and she was not able to take part in it even if the man died.. Englightenment is expressed as using one's own understanding wihtout others' guidance. Strayer mentioned that someone expressed the enlightenment as a "dare" to disagree with others since the ability to act on knowledge can require courage. (Immanuel Kant, 745) Scientists believed that knowledge and the enlightenment is the power that can transform society.

Chapter 14

Chapter 14's topic is about slave trade that happened in the 15th century after the Portuguese started exploring the coast of West Africa. At first the number of enslaved Africans taken was small. In about 1650, however, with the development of plantations on the newly colonized Caribbean islands and American mainland, the trade grew. It was also about how the middle passage came about. Slave trade was the center of this from that point on slaves were being sold on African Coast to massive users of the slave labor on American Plantation. Something that I found interesting was how many slaves where being shipped to other places all across the Atlantic. This was very interesting because you read about what they lived and it something that you can really imagine in your head. I feel bad because you imagine how many people died in this its horrific something that no one would like to live. There was an estimation done on how many people were aboard and that was about 12.5 million slaves being shipped to America. I just imagine how crowded that was and super uncomfortable. A sad thing was that only 10.7 million slaves survived which leaves us with a 1.8 million slaves dead.
Well I feel that it was logic some slaves would not make it due to the condition that they were in. This was basically men and woman that were forced beneath the deck into bowels of the slave ship. There was no type of room in the ship the slaves were not able to move or even breath. I found this to be a very uncomfortable situation for any one things were not easy on that ship for what I read. The middle passage was brought with slaves from west Africa to west Indies according to the west Indies the slaves were treated somewhat better some examples of that was that they fed the slaves and cleaned them too. They made them hope that they would bring the high price on the block back. Some slaves were not going to be sold they would just be left to die. After a while Asia became an involving country that was doing some transportations of American goods in which Slavery trade was  included.

Chapter 13

   Chapter 13 is talking about the advantages that the Europeans had, this chapter also mentions the great dying such as many other events that occurred all throughout the way. Europe, Portugal, Spain, Britain and France were countries that were close to America. The Europeans played a big part in the American people in different ways due to the high technology that they had as well as gun powder but it was not compared to what America had. The Europeans matter of fact had some better advantages that were Geography, and Diseases they also had many good weapons besides the powder they had many horses and the Europeans had wheat and live stock. This was a good advantage because they produced sugar, meat, and grain. The Europeans had big land base. The Europeans population was growing as the economy was too that is all thanks to all the production that was being made.

  The Great dying was when the explorers and conquistador from the new world brought diseases with them that the Native Americans had no immunity to. 60 to 90 million Native Americans died from this disease. The mass dying caused the social break down of Native Americans societies. The Great Dying happened 250 million years ago which caused the forming the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, as well as the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.

We're did you go

I think that your t-shirt represents when you went to Idaho